The Cost of Pain Suffering from Crime in Canada

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7. References

• Anderson, D. A. (1999). The aggregate burden of crime. Journal of Law and Economics 42, 611-642.
  
  
• Brantingham, P., and Easton, S. T. (1998). The costs of crime: Who pays and how much? 1998 Update. 1998 Fraser Institute Critical Issues Bulletin. Vancouver: The Fraser Institute.
  
  
• Brand, S., and Price, R. (2000). The economic and social costs of crime. Home Office Research Study 217. London: Home Office Economics and Resource Analysis Unit.
  
  
• Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics. (2000). Canadian Crime Statistics 1999. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 85-205-XIE, Ottawa: Minister responsible for Statistics Canada.
  
  
• Cohen, M. A. (1988). Pain, suffering and jury awards: A study of the cost of crime to victims. Law and Society Review 22, 538-555.
  
  
• Cohen, M. A. (1990). A note on the cost of crime to victims. Urban Studies 27, 125-132.
  
  
• Cohen, M. A., Millerj, T. R., and Rossman, S. B. (1994). The costs and consequences of violent behavior in the United States. In Albert J. Reiss, Jr., and Jeffery A. Roth (Eds.), Understanding and preventing violence: Consequences and control. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
  
  
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• Greenberg, M. S., and Ruback, R. B. (1992). After the crime: Victim decision making. New York: Plenum Press.
  
  
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• Mihorean, K., Bessrer, S., Hendrick, D., Brzozowaski, J.-A., Trainor, C., and Ogg, S. (2001). A profile of criminal victimization: Results of the 1999 General Social Survey. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 85-553-XIE. Ottawa: Minister responsible for Statistics Canada.
  
  
• Rizzo, M. J. (1999). The cost of crime to victims: An empirical analysis. Journal of Legal Studies 8, 177-205.
  
  
• Miller, T. R., Cohen, M. A., and Wiersema, B. (1996). Victim costs and consequences: A new look. National Institute of Justice Research Report Research no.90-IJ-CX-0050. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice.
  
  
• Norris, F. H., Kaniasty, K, and Thompson, M. P. (1997). The psychological consequences of crime: Findings from a longitudinal population-based study. In R. C. Davis, A. J. Lurigo and W. G. Skogan (Eds), Victims of Crime, 2^nd ed., (pp. 146-166). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  
  
• Siegel, L. J., and McCormick, C. (1999). Criminology in Canada: Theories, patterns, and typologies. Toronto: ITP Nelson.
  
  
• Viscusi, W. K.. (1993). The value of risks to life and health. Journal of Economic Literature 31(4), 1912-46.
  
  
• Welsh, B., and Waller, I. (1995). Crime and its prevention: Costs and benefits. Unpublished, Department of Criminology, University of Ottawa.
  
  
• Winterdyk, J. A. (2000). Canadian criminology. Scarborough: Prentice Hall Canada.
  
  
• Zimring, F. E., and Hawkins, G. (1995). Incapacitation: Penal confinement and the restraint of crime. New York: Oxford University Press.

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