Criminal Justice Outcomes in Intimate and Non-intimate Partner Homicide Cases
4. Results (cont'd)
4.2 Multivariate analysis: Isolating the effects of intimacy in criminal law (continued)
Table 4.8: Multivariate Analysis Examining Outcomes for Intimate Partner and Non-Intimate Partner Homicides, Reduced Sample, Toronto, 1974-2002 a
Victim-accused relationship
|
First degree murder |
Case sent to trial |
Found guilty at trial |
NCRMD acquittal |
Overall conviction |
Murder conviction |
Federal sentence |
Length of sentence |
| Variable |
(N=914) |
(N=910) |
(N=517) |
(N=204) |
(N=914) |
(N=701) |
(N=701) |
(N=701) |
|
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
Model 5 |
Model 6 |
Model 7 |
Model 8 |
| Intimate partner |
.51** |
.41*** |
2.27* |
.48 |
2.77*** |
.71 |
.78 |
-.53 (.45) |
Time period
|
First degree murder |
Case sent to trial |
Found guilty at trial |
NCRMD acquittal |
Overall conviction |
Murder conviction |
Federal sentence |
Length of sentence |
| Variable |
(N=914) |
(N=910) |
(N=517) |
(N=204) |
(N=914) |
(N=701) |
(N=701) |
(N=701) |
|
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
Model 5 |
Model 6 |
Model 7 |
Model 8 |
| Case in court 1984-1996 |
1.19 |
.65* |
1.63* |
.34 |
1.87** |
1.87* |
1.34 |
.51 (.32) |
| Case in court 1997-2002 |
1.5 |
.81 |
1.67 |
.90 |
1.14 |
4.17** |
1.65 |
1.3 (.54)* |
Gender
|
First degree murder |
Case sent to trial |
Found guilty at trial |
NCRMD acquittal |
Overall conviction |
Murder conviction |
Federal sentence |
Length of sentence |
| Variable |
(N=914) |
(N=910) |
(N=517) |
(N=204) |
(N=914) |
(N=701) |
(N=701) |
(N=701) |
|
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
Model 5 |
Model 6 |
Model 7 |
Model 8 |
| Accused is male |
.79 |
.74 |
2.25* |
.71 |
2.35** |
2.94* |
2.35* |
.82 (.50) |
| Victim is male |
.43*** |
.43*** |
1.12 |
.14** |
1.65* |
.32** |
.37* |
-1.47 (.41)*** |
Legal variables
|
First degree murder |
Case sent to trial |
Found guilty at trial |
NCRMD acquittal |
Overall conviction |
Murder conviction |
Federal sentence |
Length of sentence |
| Variable |
(N=914) |
(N=910) |
(N=517) |
(N=204) |
(N=914) |
(N=701) |
(N=701) |
(N=701) |
|
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
Model 5 |
Model 6 |
Model 7 |
Model 8 |
| Non-violent record |
1.5 |
.69* |
2.14** |
.61 |
1.92** |
1.86* |
1.14 |
4.55 (.32) |
| Violent record |
1.78* |
.61* |
6.52*** |
.89 |
4.89*** |
3.3* |
4.96** |
1.23 (.41)** |
| Severity of initial charge |
-- |
.93 |
1.95** |
4.68** |
1.59** |
12.23*** |
15.32*** |
6.94 (.22)*** |
| Case resolved at trial |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
8.60*** |
1.90* |
1.3 (.29)** |
Extra-legal variables - Characteristics of accused
|
First degree murder |
Case sent to trial |
Found guilty at trial |
NCRMD acquittal |
Overall conviction |
Murder conviction |
Federal sentence |
Length of sentence |
| Variable |
(N=914) |
(N=910) |
(N=517) |
(N=204) |
(N=914) |
(N=701) |
(N=701) |
(N=701) |
|
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
Model 5 |
Model 6 |
Model 7 |
Model 8 |
| Accused is white |
1.0 |
1.21 |
1.24 |
.99 |
1.1 |
1.27 |
.77 |
.37 (.32) |
| Age of accused |
1.2 |
.99 |
.98 |
1.6* |
.98* |
.96* |
.99 |
-5.77 (.02) |
| Accused is employed |
1.4 |
1.36 |
1.79* |
2.40 |
1.23 |
.71 |
.49* |
-.65 (.34) |
| Accused is married |
1.23 |
.94 |
1.31 |
.19** |
1.37 |
1.33 |
.70 |
-.16 (.34) |
| Accused has psych history |
.70 |
.72 |
.46* |
26.18** |
.57* |
1.55 |
9.25** |
.40 (.52) |
Extra-legal variables - Characteristics of victim
|
First degree murder |
Case sent to trial |
Found guilty at trial |
NCRMD acquittal |
Overall conviction |
Murder conviction |
Federal sentence |
Length of sentence |
| Variable |
(N=914) |
(N=910) |
(N=517) |
(N=204) |
(N=914) |
(N=701) |
(N=701) |
(N=701) |
|
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
Model 5 |
Model 6 |
Model 7 |
Model 8 |
| Victim is white |
1.2 |
.76 |
1.25 |
.42 |
1.36 |
1.28 |
.97 |
.17 (.33) |
| Age of victim |
.99 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
.97 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.4 (.01) |
| Victim is employed |
2.27*** |
.97 |
1.18 |
3.50* |
1.14 |
1.51 |
1.79 |
.74 (.31)* |
| Victim is married |
.89 |
1.15 |
.74 |
5.71** |
.73 |
.82 |
.85 |
-.23 (.34) |
| Victim has prior record |
.91 |
.68 |
.99 |
1.67 |
1.41 |
.54 |
1.15 |
-.31 (.34) |
Extra-legal variables - Characteristics of incident
|
First degree murder |
Case sent to trial |
Found guilty at trial |
NCRMD acquittal |
Overall conviction |
Murder conviction |
Federal sentence |
Length of sentence |
| Variable |
(N=914) |
(N=910) |
(N=517) |
(N=204) |
(N=914) |
(N=701) |
(N=701) |
(N=701) |
|
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
Model 5 |
Model 6 |
Model 7 |
Model 8 |
| Homicide in public locale |
1.42* |
.99 |
1.32 |
.30* |
1.18 |
.69 |
1.6 |
.28 (.32) |
| Gun used in killing |
3.28*** |
2.11*** |
.86 |
.31 |
.69 |
1.32 |
.71 |
.21 (.35) |
| Victim drink/using drugs |
.51** |
.61** |
1.62 |
.11**s |
1.70* |
.71 |
1.16 |
-.33 (.34) |
Note: * p < .05 ** p < .01 *** p < .001
a Odds are shown in Models 1-7. Model 8 shows the regression coefficients with standard errors in parentheses. Full results are shown Appendix D.