Appendix A: Articles Included in the Scoping Review

Abbaspour, Z., Salehi, S., Koraei, A., Charkhab, N., & Kardani, A. (2019). Development and validation of parent abuse scale (girl-mother version). Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.83010

Alcibar, N. A., Erostarbe, I. I., Martínez, A. A., & Astondoa, E. E. (2020). Evaluation report of the early intervention program in situations of child-to-parent violence. Behavioral Psychology, 28(3), 455–476.

Ang, R. P., Huan, V. S., Li, X., & Chan, W. T. (2016). Factor structure and invariance of the reactive and proactive aggression questionnaire in a large sample of young adolescents in Singapore. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 47(6), 883–889. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-015-0619-y

Armstrong, G., Cain, C., Wylie, L., Muftic, L., & Bouffard, L. (2018). Risk factor profile of youth incarcerated for child to parent violence: A nationally representative sample. Journal of Criminal Justice, 58, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.06.002

Armstrong, G. S., Muftic, L. R., & Bouffard, L. A. (2021). Factors influencing law enforcement responses to child to parent violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(9–10), NP4979–NP4997.

Bartle-Haring, S., Slesnick, N., & Carmona, J. (2015). Reciprocity in adolescent and caregiver violence. Journal of Family Violence, 30(2), 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-014-9659-5

Beckmann, L. (2020a). Exposure to family violence and adolescent aggression in multiple social contexts: Classroom social resources as moderators. Journal of Family Violence, 35(5), 471–484.

Beckmann, L. (2020b). Family relationships as risks and buffers in the link between parent-to-child physical violence and adolescent-to-parent physical violence. Journal of Family Violence, 35(2), 131–141.

Beckmann, L., Bergmann, M. C., Fischer, F., & Mößle, T. (2021). Risk and protective factors of child-to-parent violence: A comparison between physical and verbal aggression. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(3–4), NP1309-1334NP.

Bettinson, V., & Quinlan, C. (2020). De-criminalising adolescent to parent violence under s 76 serious crime act 2015 (c.9). Journal of Criminal Law, 84(1), 3–18.

Biehal, N. (2012). Parent abuse by young people on the edge of care: A child welfare perspective. Social Policy and Society, 11(2), 251–263. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746411000595

Boxall, H., & Sabol, B. (2021). Adolescent family violence: Findings from a group-based analysis. Journal of Family Violence, 36(7), 787–797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-021-00247-8

Boxer, P., Gullan, R., & Mahoney, A. (2009). Adolescents’ physical aggression toward parents in a clinic-referred sample. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 38(1), 106–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410802575396

Brule, N. J., & Eckstein, J. J. (2016). “Am I really a bad parent?”: Adolescent-to-parent abuse identity and the stigma management communication model. Journal of Family Communication, 16(3), 198–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2016.1160908

Buyuk, Y., Kurnaz, G., Eke, S. M., Ankarali, H. C., & Oral, G. (2011). Medico-legal evaluation of adolescent parricide offenders: TTirty nine cases from turkey. Journal of Family Violence, 26(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-010-9336-2

Calvete, E., Gamez-Guadix, M., & Garcia-Salvador, S. (2015). Social information processing in child-to-parent aggression: Bidirectional associations in a 1-year prospective study. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(8), 2204–2216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-0023-4

Calvete, E., Gamez-Guadix, M., Orue, I., Gonzalez-Diez, Z., de Arroyabe, E. L., Sampedro, R., Pereira, R., Zubizarreta, A., & Borrajo, E. (2013). Brief report: The adolescent child-to-parent aggression questionnaire: An examination of aggressions against parents in Spanish adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 36(6), 1077–1081.

Calvete, E., Orue, I., Bertino, L., Gonzalez, Z., Montes, Y., Padilla, P., & Pereira, R. (2014). Child-to-parent violence in adolescents: The perspectives of the parents, children, and professionals in a sample of Spanish focus group participants. Journal of Family Violence, 29(3), 343–352.

Calvete, E., Orue, I., & Gámez-Guadix, M. (2013). Child-to-parent violence: Emotional and behavioral predictors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28(4), 755.

Calvete, E., Orue, I., & Gámez-Guadix, M. (2015). Reciprocal longitudinal associations between substance use and child-to-parent violence in adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 44, 124.

Calvete, E., Orue, I., Gamez-Guadix, M., & Bushman, B. (2015). Predictors of child-to-parent aggression: A 3-year longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 51(5), 663–676. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039092

Calvete, E., PhD, Orue, I., PhD, Gámez-Guadix, M., PhD, del Hoyo-Bilbao, J., BA, & de Arroyabe, E. L., PhD. (2015). Child-to-parent violence: An exploratory study of the roles of family violence and parental discipline through the stories told by Spanish children and their parents. Violence and Victims, 30(6), 935.

Calvete Esther, Izaskun, O., Fernández-González Liria, Chang, R., & Little, T. D. (2020). Longitudinal trajectories of child-to-parent violence through adolescence. Journal of Family Violence, 35(2), 107–116.

Cano-Lozano, M. C., León, S. P., & Contreras, L. (2021). Child-to-parent violence: Examining the frequency and reasons in Spanish youth. Family Relations, 70(4), 1132–1149.

Cano-Lozano, M., Leon, S.P., & Contreras, L. (2022). Relationship between punitive discipline and child-to-parent violence: The moderating role of the context and implementation of parenting practices. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010182

Cano-Lozano, M., Navas-Martinez, M., & Contreras, L. (2021). Child-to-parent violence during confinement due to covid-19: Relationship with other forms of family violence and psychosocial stressors in Spanish youth. Sustainability, 13(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011431

Cano-Lozano, M., Rodriguez-Diaz, F., Leon, S., & Contreras, L. (2020). Analyzing the relationship between child-to-parent violence and perceived parental warmth. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590097

Clarke, K., Holt, A., Norris, C., & Nel, P. W. (2017). Adolescent-to-parent violence and abuse: Parents’ management of tension and ambiguity—An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Child & Family Social Work, 22(4), 1423.

Condry, R., & Miles, C. (2012). Adolescent to parent violence and youth justice in England and Wales. Social Policy and Society, 11(2), 241–250.

Condry, R., & Miles, C. (2014). Adolescent to parent violence: Framing and mapping a hidden problem. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 14(3), 257–275. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895813500155

Condry, R., Miles, C., Brunton-Douglas, T., & Oladapo, A. (2020). Experiences of child and adolescent to parent violence in the covid-19 pandemic. 34.

Contreras, L., Bustos-Navarrete, C., & Cano-Lozano, M. (2019). Child-to-parent violence questionnaire: Validation among Spanish adolescents. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 19(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2018.09.001

Contreras, L., & Cano, C. (2014a). Adolescents who assault their parents: A different family profile of young offenders? Violence and Victims, 29(3), 393–406.

Contreras, L., & Cano, C. (2014b). Family profile of young offenders who abuse their parents: A comparison with general offenders and non-offenders. Journal of Family Violence, 29(8), 901–910.

Contreras, L., & Cano, M. (2015). Exploring psychological features in adolescents who assault their parents: A different profile of young offenders? Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 26(2), 224–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2015.1004634

Contreras, L., & Cano, M. (2016a). Child-to-parent violence: The role of exposure to violence and its relationship to social-cognitive processing. European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 8(2), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpal.2016.03.003

Contreras, L., & Cano, M. (2016b). Social competence and child-to-parent violence: Analyzing the role of the emotional intelligence, social attitudes, and personal values. Deviant Behaviour, 37(2), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2014.983024

Contreras, L., Leon, S., & Cano-Lozano, M. (2020). Assessing child-to-parent violence with the child-to-parent violence questionnaire, parents’ version: Factor structure, prevalence, and reasons. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.604956

Contreras, L., León, S. P., & Cano-Lozano, M. C. (2020). Socio-cognitive variables involved in the relationship between violence exposure at home and child-to-parent violence. Journal of Adolescence, 80, 19–28.

Correll, J. R., Walker, S. C., & Edwards, T. C. (2017). Parent perceptions of participating in a program for adolescents who are violent at home. Journal of Family Violence, 32(2), 243.

Cortina, H., & Martin, A. (2020). The behavioral specificity of child-to-parent violence. Annals of Psychology, 36(3), 386–399. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.411301

Cortina, H., & Martin, A. (2021). Validation of the explanations of adolescent-to-parent violence scale. Psicothema, 33(4), 647–656. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2021.99

Cuervo, K. (2021). A deeper understanding of child to parent violence (CPV): Personal traits, family context, and parenting. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 00(0), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X211065588

Cuervo, K., & Palanques, N. (2022). Risk and protective factors in child-to-parent violence: A study of the YLS/CMI in a Spanish juvenile court. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31(6), 1707–1723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-022-02295-0

Day, S. E., & Bazemore, G. (2011). Two generations at risk: Child welfare, institutional boundaries, and family violence in grandparent homes. Child Welfare, 90(4), 99–116.

Del Hoyo-Bilbao, J., Gamez-Guadix, M., & Calvete, E. (2018). Corporal punishment by parents and child-to-parent aggression in Spanish adolescents. Annals of Psychology, 34(1), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.34.1.259601

Del Hoyo-Bilbao, J., Gámez-Guadix, M., Orue, I., & Calvete, E. (2018). Psychometric properties of the child-to-parent aggression questionnaire in a clinical sample of adolescents who abuse their parents: Prevalence and gender differences. Violence and Victims, 33(2), 203–217.

Del Hoyo-Bilbao, J., Orue, I., & Calvete, E. (2022). Interaction of psychopathic traits dimensions in the prediction of psychological and physical child-to-parent violence in adolescents. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 44(1), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-021-09940-w

Del Hoyo-Bilbao, J., Orue, I., Gamez-Guadix, M., & Calvete, E. (2020). Multivariate models of child-to-mother violence and child-to-father violence among adolescents. European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 12(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2020a2

Del Moral, G., Suarez-Relinque, C., Callejas, J., & Musitu, G. (2019). Child-to-parent violence: Attitude towards authority, social reputation and school climate. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13), 2384. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132384

Desir, M., & Karatekin, C. (2018a). Parent- and sibling-directed aggression in children of domestic violence victims. Violence and Victims, 33(5), 886–901. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-16-00219

Desir, M., & Karatekin, C. (2018b). Parental reactions to parent- and sibling-directed aggression within a domestic violence context. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 23(3), 457–470. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104518755219

Douglas, H., & Walsh, T. (2018). Adolescent family violence: What is the role for legal responses? The Sydney Law Review, 40(4), 499–526.

Edenborough, M., Wilkes, L. M., Jackson, D., & Mannix, J. (2011). Development and validation of the child-to-mother violence scale. Nurse Researcher, 18(2), 63–76.

Elliott, G. C., Cunningham, S. M., Colangelo, M., & Gelles, R. J. (2011). Perceived mattering to the family and physical violence within the family by adolescents. Journal of Family Issues, 32(8), 1007–1029. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X11398932

Fandino, R., Basanta, J., Sanmarco, J., Arce, R., & Farina, F. (2021). Evaluation of the executive functioning and psychological adjustment of child-to-parent offenders: Epidemiology and quantification of harm. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.616855

Fawzi, M., Fawzi, M., & Fouad, A. (2013). Parent abuse by adolescents with first-episode psychosis in Egypt. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(6), 730–735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.07.004

Fernández-González Liria, Izaskun, O., Lohitzune, A., & Calvete Esther. (2022). Child-to-parent aggression and dating violence: Longitudinal associations and the predictive role of early maladaptive schemas. Journal of Family Violence, 37(1), 181–189.

Fosco, G. M., Lippold, M., & Feinberg, M. E. (2014). Interparental boundary problems, parent–adolescent hostility, and adolescent–parent hostility: A family process model for adolescent aggression problems. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 3(3), 141–155.

Gabriel, L., Tizro, Z., Hazel, J., Cronin-Davis, J., Beetham, T., Corbally, A., Lopez-Moreno, E., & Hill, S. (2018). “Give me some space”: Exploring youth to parent aggression and violence. Journal of Family Violence, 33(2), 161–169.

Gallego, R., Novo, M., Farina, F., & Arce, R. (2019). Child-to-parent violence and parent-to-child Violence: A meta-analytic review. European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 11(2), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2019a4

Galvani, S. (2017). Responding to child-to-parent violence: The experiences of family support group providers. Journal of Substance Use, 22(1), 71–76. https://doi.org/10.3109/14659891.2016.1144802

Gervais, C., DeCarlo-Slobodnik, D., & Romano, E. (2022). Parental perspectives on upholding children’s rights in the context of aggression toward family/caregivers in childhood & adolescence (AFCCA) in Canada. Canadian Journal of Children’s Rights / Revue Canadienne Des Droits Des Enfants, 9(1), Article 1. https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/cjcr/article/view/3883

Ghanizadeh, A., & Jafari, P. (2010). Risk factors of abuse of parents by their ADHD children. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 19(1), 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-009-0067-y

Gilman, A., & Walker, S. (2020). Evaluating the effects of an adolescent family violence intervention program on recidivism among court-involved youth. Journal of Family Violence, 35(2), 95–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-019-00070-2

Haber, M. G., & Toro, P. A. (2009). Parent-adolescent violence and later behavioral health problems among homeless and housed youth. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 79(3), 305–318.

Hernandez, A., Martin, A., Hess-Medler, S., & Garcia-Garcia, J. (2020). What goes on in this house do not stay in this house: Family variables related to adolescent-to-parent offenses. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.581761

Holt, A. (2011). “The terrorist in my home”: Teenagers’ violence towards parents—Constructions of parent experiences in public online message boards. Child and Family Social Work, 16(4), 454–463.

Holt, A., & Birchall, J. (2022). “Their mum messed up and gran can’t afford to”: Violence towards grandparent kinship carers and the implications for social work. British Journal of Social Work, 52(3), 1231–1248. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcab156

Holt, A., & Lewis, S. (2021). Constituting child-to-parent violence: Lessons from England and Wales. British Journal of Criminology, 61(3), 792–811. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azaa088

Holt, A., & Retford, S. (2013). Practitioner accounts of responding to parent abuse – a case study in ad hoc delivery, perverse outcomes and a policy silence. Child & Family Social Work, 18(3), 365–374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00860.x

Hunter, C., Nixon, J., & Parr, S. (2010). Mother abuse: A matter of youth justice, child welfare or domestic violence? Journal of Law and Society, 37(2), 264–284. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6478.2010.00504.x

Ibabe, I. (2014). Direct and indirect effects of family violence on child-to-parent violence. Studies in Psychology, 35(1), 137–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/02109395.2014.893647

Ibabe, I. (2016). Academic failure and child-to-parent violence: Family protective factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01538

Ibabe, I. (2019). Adolescent-to-parent violence and family environment: The perceptions of same reality? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122215

Ibabe, I., Arnoso, A., & Elgorriaga, E. (2014). Behavioral problems and depressive symptomatology as predictors of child-to-parent violence. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY APPLIED TO LEGAL CONTEXT, 6(2), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpal.2014.06.004

Ibabe, I., Arnoso, A., & Elgorriaga, E. (2020). Child-to-Parent Violence as an Intervening Variable in the Relationship between Inter-Parental Violence Exposure and Dating Violence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 17(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051514

Ibabe, I., Arnoso, A., Elgorriaga, E., & Asla, N. (2021). Evaluation report of early intervention program in situation of child-to-parent abuse: Parents and children as participants. Journal of Family Studies, 0(0), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2021.1872404

Ibabe, I., & Bentler, P. M. (2016). The contribution of family relationships to child-to-parent violence. Journal of Family Violence, 31(2), 259–269.

Ibabe, I., & Jaureguizar, J. (2010). Child-to-parent violence: Profile of abusive adolescents and their families. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38(4), 616–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.04.034

Ibabe, I., Jaureguizar, J., & Bentler, P. (2013a). Protective factors for adolescent violence against authority. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 16(e76), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2013.72

Ibabe, I., Jaureguizar, J., & Bentler, P. M. (2013b). Risk factors for child-to-parent violence. Journal of Family Violence, 28(5), 523–534.

Ibabe, I., Jaurequizar, J., & Díaz, Ó. (2009). Adolescent violence against parents. Is it a consequence of gender inequality? European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 1(1). https://journals.copmadrid.org/ejpalc/art/908a6f6a6c131a850ecb0e3f11b08189

Ibabe, I., Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Arnoso Martínez, A., Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Elgorriaga Astondoa, E., & Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU. (2018). Prominent intervention programs in child-to-parent violence: Description of an innovative program for early intervention. Psychologist Papers, 39(3). https://doi.org/10.23923/pap.psicol2018.2873

Ilabaca, B. P. A., & Gaete, F. J. M. (2021). Adolescents who are violent toward their parents: An approach to the situation in Chile. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(11–12), NP5678–NP5698.

Izaguirre, A., & Calvete, E. (2017). Exposure to family violence as a predictor of dating violence and child-to-parent aggression in Spanish adolescents. Youth and Society, 49(3), 393–412. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X16632138

Jaureguizar, J., Ibabe, I., & Straus, M. (2013). Violent and prosocial behavior by adolescents toward parents and teachers in a community sample. Psychology in the Schools, 50(5), 451–470. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21685

Jimenez, T., Estevez, E., Velilla, C., Martin-Albo, J., & Martinez, M. (2019). Family communication and verbal child-to-parent violence among adolescents: The mediating role of perceived stress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224538

Jimenez-Garcia, P., Perez, B., Contreras, L., & Cano-Lozano, M. (2022). Analysing child-to-parent violence in Chilean adolescents: Prevalence and reasons. Current Psychology, 41, 6314–6325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01113-4

Junco-Guerrero, M., Ruiz-Fernandez, A., & Canton-Cortes, D. (2022). Family environment and child-to-parent violence: The role of emotional insecurity. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(15–16), NP13581–NP13602. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211006370

Kehoe, M., Ott, N., & Hopkins, L. (2020). Responding to adolescent violence in the home – a community mental health approach. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 41(4), 342–354.

Kennedy, T. D., Edmonds, W. A., Dann, K. T. J., & Burnett, K. F. (2010). The clinical and adaptive features of young offenders with histories of child-parent violence. Journal of Family Violence, 25(5), 509–520.

Kuay, H., Boothroyd, L., Towl, G., Tiffin, P., & Munoz, L. (2022). Callous-unemotional traits are associated with child-to-parent aggression. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 66(15), 1603–1626. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X211049190

Kuay, H., Lee, S., Centifanti, L., Parnis, A., Mrozik, J., & Tiffin, P. (2016). Adolescents as perpetrators of aggression within the family. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 47, 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.02.035

Lauster, E., Quinn, A., Brosnahan, J., & Coogan, D. (2014). Practical strategies for coping with child-to-parent violence: The non violent resistance programme in practice. Irish Probation Journal, 11, 208–221.

Lavi-Levavi, I., Shachar, I., & Omer, H. (2013). Training in nonviolent resistance for parents of violent children: Differences between fathers and mothers. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 32(4), 79–93.

Loinaz, I., Barboni, L., & Ma-de-Sousa, A. (2020). Gender differences in child-to-parent violence risk factors. Annals of Psychology, 36(3), 408–417. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.428531

Loinaz, I., & de Sousa, A. (2020). Assessing risk and protective factors in clinical and judicial child-to-parent violence cases. European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 12(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2020a5

Lopez-Martinez, P., Montero-Montero, D., Moreno-Ruiz, D., & Martinez-Ferrer, B. (2019). The role of parental communication and emotional intelligence in child-to-parent violence. Behavioral Sciences, 9(12), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9120148

Lopez-Martinez, P., Montero-Montero, D., Moreno-Ruiz, D., & Martinez-Ferrer, B. (2021). Child-to-parent violence, peer victimization and cybervictimization in Spanish adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179360

Lyons, J., Bell, T., Fréchette, S., & Romano, E. (2015). Child-to-parent violence: Frequency and family correlates. Journal of Family Violence, 30(6), 729–742.

Maclean, K. (2016). Reflections on the non-accidental death of a foster carer. Adoption & Fostering, 40(4), 325–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308575916667046

Margolin, G., & Baucom, B. (2014). Adolescents’ aggression to parents: Longitudinal links With parents’ physical aggression. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(5), 645–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.05.008

Martin, A., De la Fuente, L., Hernandez, A., Zaldivar, F., Ortega-Campos, E., & Garcia-Garcia, J. (2022). Psychosocial profile of juvenile and adult offenders who acknowledge having committed child-to-parent violence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010601

Martinez-Ferrer, B., Romero-Abrio, A., Leon-Moreno, C., Villarreal-Gonzalez, M., & Musitu-Ferrer, D. (2020). Suicidal ideation, psychological distress and child-to-parent violence: A gender analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.575388

Martinez-Ferrer, B., Romero-Abrio, A., Moreno-Ruiz, D., & Musitu, G. (2018). Child-to-parent violence and parenting styles: Its relations to problematic use of social networking sites, alexithymia, and attitude towards institutional authority in adolescence. Psychosocial Intervention, 27(3), 163–171. https://doi.org/10.5093/pi2018a24

Messiah, A. P., & Johnson, E. J. (2017). Social work intervention in adolescent-to-parent abuse. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 27(3), 187–197.

Miles, C., & Condry, R. (2015). Responding to adolescent to parent violence: Challenges for policy and practice. British Journal of Criminology, 55(6), 1076–1095. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azv095

Miles, C., & Condry, R. (2016). Adolescent to parent violence: The police response to parents reporting violence from their children. Policing & Society, 26(7), 804–823.

Moore, G., Buckley, K., Howarth, E., Burn, A., Copeland, L., Evans, R., & Ware, L. (2021). Police referrals for domestic abuse before and during the first covid-19 lockdown: An analysis of routine data from one specialist service in South Wales. Journal of Public Health, 44(2), e252–e259. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdab343

Moulds, L., Day, A., Mayshak, R., Mildred, H., & Miller, P. (2019). Adolescent violence towards parents—Prevalence and characteristics using Australian police data. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 52(2), 231–249.

Moulds, L. G., Mayshak, R., Mildred, H., Day, A., & Miller, P. (2019). Adolescent violence towards parents: A case of specialisation? Youth Justice, 19(3), 206–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225419880004

Mowen, T. J., & Fisher, B. W. (2021). Youth reentry from prison and family violence perpetration: The salience of family dynamics. Journal of Family Violence, 36(1), 51–62.

Murphy-Edwards, L., & van Heugten, K. (2018). Domestic property violence: A distinct and damaging form of parent abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(4), 617–636. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515613341

Myers, W. C., & Vo, E. J. (2012). Adolescent parricide and psychopathy. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 56(5), 715–729. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X11410587

Nam, B., Kim, J. Y., Bright, C. L., & Jang Daeyeon. (2022). Exposure to family violence, peer attachment, and adolescent-to-parent violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(7–8), NP4718–NP4739.

Navas-Martinez, M., & Cano-Lozano, M. (2022a). Differential profile of specialist aggressor versus generalist aggressor in child-to-parent violence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095720

Navas-Martinez, M., & Cano-Lozano, M. (2022b). Profile of the victimized aggressors in child-to-parent violence: Differences according to the type of victimization. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 22(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100302

Nixon, J. (2012). Practitioners’ constructions of parent abuse. Social Policy and Society, 11(2), 229–239. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746411000649

Noller, D. T., & Salisbury, H. (2019). Child-to-parent violence: A phenomenological study of mothers’ experiences...American academy of physician assistants conference, May 18-20, 2019, Denver, Colorado. JAAPA: Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins), 32(12), 25–25. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000603084.39054.a0

Nowakowski, E., & Mattern, K. (2014). An exploratory study of the characteristics that prevent youth from completing a family violence diversion program. Journal of Family Violence, 29(2), 143–149.

Nowakowski-Sims, E. (2019). An exploratory study of childhood adversity and delinquency among youth in the context of child-to-parent and sibling-to-sibling violence. Journal of Family Social Work, 22(2), 126–145.

Nowakowski-Sims, E., & Rowe, A. (2017). The relationship between childhood adversity, attachment, and internalizing behaviors in a diversion program for child-to-mother violence. Child Abuse & Neglect, 72, 266–275.

Orue, I., Calvete Esther, & Fernández-González Liria. (2021). Early maladaptive schemas and social information processing in child-to-parent aggression. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(15–16), 6931–6955.

O’Toole, S. E., Tsermentseli, S., Papastergiou, A., & Monks, C. P. (2022). A qualitative exploration of practitioners’ understanding of and response to child-to-parent aggression. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(11–12), NP8274–NP8296.

Pagani, L., Tremblay, R. E., Nagin, D., Zoccolillo, M., Vitaro, F., & McDuff, P. (2009). Risk factor models for adolescent verbal and physical aggression toward fathers. Journal of Family Violence, 24(3), 173–182.

Palanques, N., Cuervo, K., & Villanueva, L. (2022). Criminological profile of minors who have committed child-to-parent violence. Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law, 29(5), 765–778. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2021.1976301

Papamichail, A., & Bates, E. A. (2022). “I want my mum to know that I am a good guy…”: A thematic analysis of the accounts of adolescents who exhibit child-to-parent violence in the United Kingdom. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(9–10), NP6135–NP6158.

Peck, A., Hutchinson, M., & Provost, S. (2022). Evidencing predictors of adolescent to parent violence re-offending through linkage of police and health records. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 20(3), 206–230. https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040221093009

Pereira, R., Loinaz, I., del Hoyo-Bilbao, J., Arrospide, J., Bertino, L., Calvo, A., Montes, Y., & Gutiérrez, M. M. (2017). Proposal for a definition of filio-parental violence: Consensus of the Spanish society for the study of filio-parental violence. Psychologist Papers, 38(3), 216–223.

Perez-Eizaguirre, M., Dorado, A., Rodriguez-Brioso, M., & Privado, J. (2022). Efficacy of music therapy in the treatment of anxiety among children at social risk and those have committed child to parent violence. Psychology of Music, 50(1), 328–342. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735621996024

Purcell, R., Baksheev, G. N., & Mullen, P. E. (2014). A descriptive study of juvenile family violence: Data from intervention order applications in a childrens court. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 37(6), 558–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2014.02.029

Reid, C., & Ervin, K. (2015). Prevalence of adolescent violence in the home and service system capacity in rural Victoria. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 21(2), 132–138. https://doi.org/10.1071/PY14079

Rico, E., Rosado, J., & Canton-Cortes, D. (2017). Impulsiveness and child-to-parent violence: The role of aggressor’s sex. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 20(e15), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2017.15

Rosado, J., Rico, E., & Canton-Cortes, D. (2017). Influence of psychopathology on the perpetration of child-to-parent violence: Differences as a function of sex. Annals of Psychology, 33(2), 243–251. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.2.240061

Routt, G., & Anderson, L. (2011). Adolescent violence towards parents. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 20(1), 1–18.

Ruiz-Fernandez, A., Junco-Guerrero, M., & Canton-Cortes, D. (2021). Exploring the mediating effect of psychological engagement on the relationship between child-to-parent violence and violent video games. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062845

Rutter, N. (2021). “I’m meant to be his comfort blanket, not a punching bag” – Ethnomimesis as an exploration of maternal child to parent violence in pre-adolescents. Qualitative Social Work, 20(5), 1317–1338.

Ryan, R. G., & Wilson, D. (2010). NGA Tukitanga Mai Koka Ki Tona Ira: Maori mothers and child to mother violence. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 26(3), 25–35.

Sasaki, Y., Usami, M., Sasaki, S., Sunakawa, H., Toguchi, Y., Tanese, S., Saito, K., Shinohara, R., Kurokouchi, T., Sugimoto, K., Hakoshima, Y., Inazaki, K., Yoshimura, Y., Mizumoto, Y., & Okada, T. (2021). Case-control study on clinical characteristics of child and adolescent psychiatric outpatients with child-to-parent violence. BMJ Open, 11(12), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048222

Saxbe, D., Del Piero, L. B., Immordino-Yang, M. H., Kaplan, J. T., & Margolin, G. (2016). Neural mediators of the intergenerational transmission of family aggression. Development and Psychopathology, 28(2), 595–606.

Schut, R. A., Sorenson, S. B., & Gelles, R. J. (2020). Police response to violence and conflict between parents and their minor children. Journal of Family Violence, 35(2), 117–129.

Seijo, D., Vazquez, M., Gallego, R., Gancedo, Y., & Novo, M. (2020). Adolescent-to-parent violence: Psychological and family adjustment. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.573728

Selwyn, J., & Meakings, S. (2016). Adolescent-to-parent violence in adoptive families. British Journal of Social Work, 46(5), 1224–1240.

Shanholtz, C. E., O’Hara, K. L., Duchschere, J. E., Beck, C. J., & Lawrence, E. (2020). Understanding the perception of stakeholders in reducing adolescent-to-parent violence/aggression. Journal of Adolescence, 80, 264–274.

Simmons, M. L., McEwan, T. E., Purcell, R., & Huynh, M. (2019). The abusive behaviour by children-indices: A measure to discriminate between normative and abusive Child Behaviour. Journal of Family Violence, 34(7), 663–676.

Simmons, M., McEwan, T. E., & Purcell, R. (2022). A social-cognitive investigation of young adults who abuse their parents. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(1–2), NP327–NP349.

Simmons, M., McEwan, T., & Purcell, R. (2019). “But all kids yell at their parents, don’t they?”: Social norms about child-to-parent abuse in Australia. Journal of Family Issues, 40(11), 1486–1508. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X19842587

Sporer, K. (2019). Aggressive children with mental illness: A conceptual model of family-level outcomes. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(3), 447–474. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516641283

Sporer, K., & Radatz, D. L. (2017). Mothers of violent children with mental illness: How they perceive barriers to effective help. Journal of Family Violence, 32(7), 683–697.

Strom, K. J., Warner, T. D., Tichavsky, L., & Zahn, M. A. (2014). Policing juveniles: Domestic violence arrest policies, gender, and police response to child–parent violence. Crime & Delinquency, 60(3), 427–450.

Suárez-Relinque, C., Arroyo, G., Jimenez, T., Calleja, J., & Sanchez, J. (2020). Predictive psychosocial factors of child-to-parent violence in a sample of Mexican adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.576178

Suárez-Relinque, C., Arroyo, G., León-Moreno, C., & Jeronimo, J. (2019). Child-to-parent violence: Which parenting style is more protective? A study with Spanish adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(8), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081320

Suárez-Relinque, C., del Moral, G., León-Moreno, C., & Callejas-Jerónimo, J. E. (2023). Emotional loneliness, suicidal ideation, and alexithymia in adolescents who commit child-to-parent violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 38(3–4), 4007–4033. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221111414

Suárez-Relinque, C., & del Moral-Arroyo, G. (2022). Child-to-parent cyber Violence: What is the next step? Journal of Family Violence, 0, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-022-00367-9

Svensson, B., Richert, T., & Johnson, B. (2020). Parents’ experiences of abuse by their adult children with drug problems. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 37(1), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/1455072519883464

Trull-Oliva, C., & Soler-Masó, P. (2021). The opinion of young people who have committed violent child-to-parent crimes on factors that enhance and limit youth empowerment. Children and Youth Services Review, 120, 105756.

Vecina, M., Chacon, J., & Pinuela, R. (2021). Child-to-parent violence and dating violence through the moral foundations theory: Same or different moral roots? Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.597679

Walsh, J. A., & Krienert, J. L. (2009). A decade of child-initiated family violence; Comparative analysis of child-parent violence and parricide examining offender, victim, and event characteristics in a national sample of reported incidents, 1995-2005. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24(9), 1450–1477.

Williams, M., Tuffin, K., & Niland, P. (2017). “It’s like he just goes off, boom!”: Mothers and grandmothers make sense of child-to-parent violence. Child & Family Social Work, 22(2), 597–606.

Yektatalab, S., Khodadadi, S., Moattari, M., Hosseiny, F. N., & Zare, N. (2019). A web-based anger management program for parent-female adolescents’ conflicts: A cluster randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 31(3), 1–10.

Zhang, L., Cai, C., Wang, Z., Tao, M., Liu, X., & Craig, W. (2019). Adolescent-to-mother psychological aggression: The role of father violence and maternal parenting style. Child Abuse & Neglect, 98, 1–9.