Table of Contents

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Table of Contents

• Acknowledgements
• Executive summary
• I Introduction
  • 1.1 Children and the justice system
  • 1.2 The reception of child witnesses in the justice system
  • 1.3 Children’s experiences in the justice system
  • 1.4 Modifying the criminal justice system’s expectations of child witnesses
• II Children’s cognitive abilities and their impact on children’s evidence
  • 2.1 Children’s developing cognitive skills
  • 2.2 Children’s understanding of the truth and promising
  • 2.3 Children’s abilities to estimate duration, timing, and frequency of events
  • 2.4 Children’s concepts of court
• III Language development in children
  • 3.1 Developmental changes in language
  • 3.2 Children’s developing language skills and potentials for miscommunication
• IV Memory in children
  • 4.1 General memory processes: “Children cannot report what they cannot remember”
  • 4.2 Age as a factor in memory
  • 4.3 Prior knowledge and memory
  • 4.4 Impact of anxiety/stress on memory
  • 4.5 Long-term memory
  • 4.6 Source monitoring
  • 4.7 Memory for repeated events
  • 4.8 Suggestibility of children’s memory
• V Children’s disclosure processes
  • 5.1 Patterns of disclosure: Delayed disclosures and recantations
  • 5.2 Barriers to disclosure
  • 5.3 To whom children disclose
  • 5.4 Attitudes towards children’s disclosures
• VI Child forensic interviewing
  • 6.1 Evidence-based child forensic interviewing
  • 6.2 Missteps in child forensic interviewing
  • 6.3 What to watch for when evaluating a child forensic interview
  • 6.4 Tele-forensic interviewing
• VII Children’s in-court evidence
  • 7.1 Children’s experiences prior to and during court
  • 7.2 Cross-examination: “how not to” question children
  • 7.3 Legal remedies to improve the in-court experience
• VIII Child Advocacy Centres
  • 8.1 Introduction to Child Advocacy Centres in Canada
  • 8.2 The role of Child Advocacy Centres in facilitating children’s involvement in the justice system
• IX Recommendations for the system: How to obtain good evidence from children
• X References

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